مآخذومصادر ومراجع
مآخذومصادر اور مراجع میں فرق بیان کریں؟
اپنی معنویت ومقصد کے اعتبار سے ان میں کوئی فرق نہیں ہے۔ اس لیے تحقیق میں مذکورہ بالا تینوں الفاظ ہم معنیٰ سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔چونکہ ان کا مقصد مقالہ نگار کی معلومات کو زیادہ سے زیادہ قابل اعتماد بنانا ہوتا ہے۔ اوریہ مقالہ نگار کی علمی وسعت کی عکاسی بھی کرتے ہیں۔ ان سب کے لیے کتابیات یا ببلیو گرافی کے الفاظ بھی استعمال کر لیے جاتے ہیں بہرحال ان میں جو تکنیکی فرق پایا جاتا ہے ذیل میں اس کی تفصیل موجود ہے۔
ماخذ ومَصْدَراور مَرْجَعْ میں فرق
ماخذ کے لغوی معنیٰ :
اس کا مادہ ا-خ-ذ (اخذ:واحد) ہے۔ماخذ اسم جمع ہے ۔اس کے لغوی معنیٰ ہیں ۔ لینے کی جگہ ۔ نِکاس ۔ چشمہ ۔ اصل ۔ بنیاد ۔یا مرکز،اس کی جمع الجمع ہے مآخذ۔
ماخذ کے اصطلاحی معنی:
اصطلاح میں ماخذ سے مراد محقق کے زیر تحقیق مسئلہ کے دیے جانیوالے حل کا مقام یا عبارت ہے۔
مصدر کے لغوی معنی:
مصدر کے لغوی معنی ہوتے ہیں جڑ،بنیاد،صادِر ہونے کی جگہ،نکلنے کی جگہ اورسرچشمہ وغیرہ اور اس کی جمع ہے مصادِر ۔
مصدر کے اصطلاحی معنی:
مصدر اُن دستاویزات کے مجموعے کا نام ہوتا ہے جن میں ایسے واقعات وغیرہ کا ریکارڈہو جن کو مصنف نے خود دیکھا اور اپنے کانوں سے سُنا ہو۔ دوسرے الفاظ میں ہم یوں بھی کہ سکتے ہیں کہ اس قسم کی دستاویزات میں ابتدائی معلومات درج ہوتیں ہیں۔گویا یہ مستند معلومات کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے۔
مرجع کے لغوی معنی:
رجوع کرنے کی جگہ،لَوٹنے کی جگہ،جائے پناہ،ٹھکانا،وہ لفظ جس کی طرف ضمیر پھرے اور اس کی جمع ہے مراجع ۔
مرجع کے اصطلاحی معنی:
یہ ایسی دستاویزات کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے جن کو اصل مصادر سے مواد لے کر مرتب کیا گیا ہو۔ دوسرے الفاظ میں ہم یوں کہ سکتے ہیں کہ وہ دستاویزات جن کو وہ افراد مرتب کریں جو خود ان واقعات میں شریک نہ ہوں یا جنہوں نے خود اس واقعے کا مشاہدہ نہیں کیا ہوتا۔ اور ان دستاویزات میں ان فرادکی شہادتیں ہوتی ہیں جوواقعے کے چشم دیدگواہ نہیں ہوتے لیکن انہوں نے کسی وجہ سے یہ ریکارڈ تیار کیا ہوتا ہے۔ اس کو مرجع کے نام سے موسوم کرتے ہیں۔
میری رائے میں اس فرق کو کسی مقالہ میں سے سمجھنا زیادہ آسان ہوتا ہے۔ یعنی اگر محقق نے کہیں متن سے کچھ اخذ کیا ہے تو وہ اس کی ایسی فکر کا ماخذ کہلائے گا ۔ اگر محقق نے اپنی کسی بات کی تائید ،تصدیق یا تقویت کے لیے کسی کی عبارت پیش کی ہے تو اسے مصدر کہا جائے گا۔ چاہے وہ پرائمری ہو یا سیکنڈری۔ اورجب محقق اپنی فکر اپنے الفاظ میں اس طرح بیان کرے کہ اس کے الفاظ کو کسی دوسرے محقق یا مصنف کی بلا واسطہ تائید حاصل ہو تو اسے مرجع میں شمار کرنا چاہیے۔ محقق کاذاتی تجزیہ وتنقید انہی تینوں ذرائع کی تائید،تردید،تصدیق یا ان میں اضافہ کرتی ہے۔
عبدالباسط عطاری
پی ایچ ڈی گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی فیصل آباد، فیکلٹی ممبرڈیپارٹمنٹ آف اسلامک سٹڈیز ورچوئیل یونیورسٹی آف پاکستان
چئیرپرسن(فاونڈر)مسلم ریسرچ سکالرزآرگنائزیشن
0336.7550138
14.09.2023
Official Profiles:
https://mrso.org.pk/about-mrso/
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مرجع کی تعریف کا کوئی حوالہ اگر ہوتو عنایت فرما دیں۔
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